What are the materials of mechanical processing
Dec 05, 2024| Machining parts processing of a variety of materials, covering a variety of metal materials and some non-metallic materials. The following are some commonly used machined parts materials:
1. 45 steel
High-quality carbon structural steel, good comprehensive mechanical properties, low hardenability, water quenching is easy to crack. Tempering treatment should be used for small parts and normalizing treatment should be used for large parts. Mainly used in the manufacture of high strength moving parts, such as turbine impeller, compressor piston, shaft, gear, rack, worm and so on.
2. 40 Cr
One of the most widely used steel, belongs to alloy structural steel, after tempering treatment, has good comprehensive mechanical properties, low temperature impact toughness and low notch sensitivity, good hardenability, oil cold can get higher fatigue strength, water cold complex shape parts easy to crack, cold bending plasticity medium, tempering or tempering after cutting good, but bad weldability, Easy to crack, before welding should be preheated 100 to 150 degrees, generally used in the conditioned state, can also be carbonitriding and high-frequency surface quenching treatment.
After tempering treatment, it is used to manufacture medium-speed and medium-load parts, such as machine tool gear, shaft, worm, spline shaft, etc. After tempering and high-frequency surface quenching, it is used to manufacture parts with high surface hardness and wear resistance, such as gear, shaft, intake valve, etc.; After quenching and medium temperature tempering, it is used to manufacture heavy duty, medium speed impact parts, such as oil pump rotor, slider, gear, spindle, etc.
3. Q235A
The most commonly used carbon structural steel, also known as A3 steel. It has high plasticity, toughness and welding performance, cold stamping performance, as well as a certain strength and better cold bending performance. Widely used in general requirements of parts and welding structures, such as the force is not large rod, connecting rod, pin, shaft, bracket, frame and so on.
4. HT150
Gray cast iron, tensile strength of 150MPa, medium strength cast iron, with good casting process performance, often used in box, machine tool bed and other parts.
5. 35 steel
All kinds of standard parts, fasteners commonly used materials, appropriate strength, good plasticity, high cold plasticity, weldability is acceptable, suitable for the manufacture of small load parts, can withstand large load parts, such as crankshaft, lever, etc., all kinds of standard parts, fasteners.
6. 65Mn
Spring steel, small size of various flat, round spring, cushion spring, spring spring, can also be made spring ring, valve spring, clutch spring, brake spring, cold coil spring, spring and so on.
7. 0Cr18Ni9
One of the most commonly used stainless steel, as the most widely used stainless steel, such as food equipment, general chemical equipment, atomic energy industry equipment, in addition to 1Cr18Ni9, 3Cr18Ni9 and other commonly used stainless steel materials.
8. Cr12
Commonly used cold working die steel, Cr12 steel is a widely used cold working die steel, which is a high-carbon and high-chromium Letenite steel. The steel has good hardenability and good wear resistance. Due to the high carbon content of Cr12 steel, the impact toughness is poor, easy to crack, and easy to form uneven eutectic carbide.
9. 3Cr13
It belongs to the martensitic stainless steel type and has good processing performance. It has excellent corrosion resistance, polishing performance, high strength and wear resistance, suitable for manufacturing plastic molds with high load, high wear resistance and under the action of corrosive media. The 3Cr13 material with hardness below HRC30 after tempered treatment has better processability and is easy to achieve better surface quality. When the hardness is greater than HRC30, the surface quality of the machined parts is better, but the tool is easy to wear.
10. YG6X
A kind of cemented carbide, often used in the manufacture of cemented carbide cutting tools. Cemented carbide is a kind of alloy material which is made of hard compound of refractory metal and bonded metal by powder metallurgy process.
Cemented carbide has a series of excellent properties such as high hardness, wear resistance, strength and toughness, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, etc., known as "industrial teeth", especially its high hardness and wear resistance, even at 500 ° C temperature is basically unchanged, at 1000 ° C still has a high hardness.
Carbide is widely used as tool materials, such as turning tools, milling tools, planing knives, drills, boring tools, etc., for cutting cast iron, non-ferrous metals, plastics, chemical fiber, graphite, glass, stone and ordinary steel, can also be used to cut heat-resistant steel, stainless steel, high manganese steel, tool steel and other difficult to process materials.
11. T10, T12
T10 is the most common kind of carbon tool steel, moderate toughness, low production cost, after heat treatment hardness can reach more than 60HRC, but the steel hardenability is low, and poor heat resistance (250℃), in the quenching heating is not easy to overheat, still maintain fine grains. The toughness is reasonable, the strength and wear resistance are higher than T7-T9, but the thermal hardness is low, the hardenability is still not high, and the quenching deformation is large.
T12 is also a kind of carbon tool steel, more excess carbide after quenching, according to wear resistance and hardness suitable for the production of impact load, cutting speed is not high, cutting edge unchanged heat tools, such as the production of lathes, planers, milling cutters, drills and cold cutting die with small section size, punching die.
In summary, the material selection of machining parts is very rich, and the specific choice of material depends on the use of the parts, the working environment and performance requirements. In practical application, it is necessary to make comprehensive consideration and selection according to the specific situation.